Dental & Dental Hygiene

Dr. Asra Sabir Hussain has completed her Bachelors in Dental Surgery (BDS) from Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah Saudi Arabia in September 2015. She started her career in a Private Dental Practice setup. Besides her clinical skills, she has keen interest in writing research papers relevant to different specialties in Dentistry. Her field of research interests are General Dentistry, Aesthetic Dentistry and Orthodontics. She has Presented Posters in 10th and 11th Annual Saudi Orthodontic Society conferencesas well as 4th International Saudi Socitey of Oral and Maxillofacial Conference held in KSA. With the same enthusiastic approach, She earned the opportunity of Digital Poster Presentation at 42nd Annual Meeting of American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry held on August 03- 05, 2017 in San Diego, California USA. Recently, She also presented her Abstract as E- Poster in 26th American Dental Congress held on September 18-20, 2017 Philadelphia, USA. Nevertheless, She Published as a Principal and Correspondence Author her paper entitled Methodologies in Orthodontic Pain Management. A Review in The Open Dentistry Journal and also Esthetic Restorative Treatment Planning for Dental Professionals. An Overview in the Ecronicon Dental Science Journal. She is now accepted in MSc Program (Primary Dental care OLDL) at The University of Edinburgh entry level February 2018.

Saliva is a biofluid potentially serves as reliable and a non invasive diagnostic medium. The saliva-based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers aid in evaluating the condition of both healthy and diseased individuals. The objective of this review was to discuss the significance of saliva-based biomarkers profiles in detecting the oral and systemic health conditions and to highlight the decision-making process of managing salivary dysfunctions for Dental Professionals in their clinical practice. According to the reviewed articles, saliva was used as a potential diagnostic medium for Type I and II diabetes mellitus in well-controlled diabetic patients and Behcet disease. High levels of salivary enzymes might be attributed to the autoimmunological damage associated with the pathomechanism of Diabetes Mellitus. Clinical studies also reveal an association with oral pathologies for some of the established salivary markers of oxidative stress. However, these salivary markers are not for routine clinical use yet. A recent study proposed the measurement of salivary enzyme Lacto dehydrogenase (LD) level may be a useful tool to screen for gingivitis in young adults. rnOn the other hand, there are several significant contributing factors that may result in salivary secretory disorders. Their prevalence and possible side effects may cause a negative impact on the Patients quality of life. Therefore, to treat such salivary secretory disorders is often challenging for physicians in their clinical practice. Several diagnostic tools are used for detecting these lesions in the early stage. Nevertheless, further prospective researches are required to improve the quality of evidence.

Dr. Warkaa M.Al-Wattar is a Lecturer in Oral Pathology department, College of Dentistry, Mystansiriyah University-Department of Oral pathology.

oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth. Humeral immune response to candidal infection has much theory according to site of infection mediated by T-helper maturation, differentiation and secretion of cytokines. Interleukin-33 is one of the IL-1 super families which are called alarming cytokines family as they inform the immune system about any tissue injury, infection or necrosis. IL-33 is multifunctional cytokines that has anti-inflammatory (protective), inflammatory effect on tissue by modulating the action of T-Helper17.